Topic

Extended Syntax

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For example, you want to add with whom, when and where you learn German. So you now add to your sentence a person, the time and the place.

Example: “The student learns (with me today at home) German.” (S-P-iO-Z-O-dO)

The previously known words S-P-O, ie “The student – learns – German” surrounds the additional information.

You can imagine the whole thing with a bracket, as I have shown it in the example.

“With me” is an indirect object (iO) and comes after the predicate (P) “learns”.

The time information (Z) – “today” – stands between the indirect object (iO) and the location (O) – “at home”.

So we remember at this point the extended structure of our sentence structure:

Subject (S) – predicate (P) – indirect object (iO) – Time (Z) – Location (O) – direct object (dO)

Tip: The direct object is the object that is most affected by the action (i.e. the predicate). If you already know a bit about the cases: The indirect object is the dative object and the direct object is either in the accusative or without a case.

But don’t worry about it too much. Over time you learn intuitively which is which. If you keep thinking about it every time, then you spend too much time to form a sentence!

Du möchtest zum Beispiel zusätzlich sagen mit wem, wann und wo du Deutsch lernst. Du fügst deinem Satz nun also eine Person, die Zeit und den Ort hinzu.
For example, you want to add with whom, when and where you learn German. So you now add to your sentence a person, the time and the place.

Beispiel: „Der Schüler lernt (mit mir heute zu Hause) Deutsch.“ (S-P-iO-Z-O-dO)
Example: “The student learns (with me today at home) German.” (S-P-iO-Z-O-dO)

Die bisher bekannten Worte S-P-dO, also „Der Schüler – lernt – Deutsch“ umgeben die zusätzlichen Informationen.
The previously known words S-P-O, ie “The student – learns – German” surrounds the additional information.

Du kannst dir das ganze mit einer Klammer vorstellen, wie ich es in dem Beispiel dargestellt habe.
You can imagine the whole thing with a bracket, as I have shown it in the example.

„Mit mir“ ist ein indirektes Objekt (iO) und steht nach dem Prädikat (P) „lernt“.
“With me” is an indirect object (iO) and comes after the predicate (P) “learns”.

Die Information nach der Zeit (Z) – „heute“ – steht zwischen dem indirekten Objekt (iO) und dem Ort (O) – „zu Hause“.
The time information (Z) – “today” – stands between the indirect object (iO) and the location (O) – “at home”.

Also merken wir uns an dieser Stelle die erweiterte Struktur unseres Satzbaus:
So we remember at this point the extended structure of our sentence structure:

Subjekt (S) – Prädikat (P) – indirektes Objekt (iO) – Zeit (Z) – Ort (O) – direktes Objekt (dO)
Subject (S) – predicate (P) – indirect object (iO) – Time (Z) – Location (O) – direct object (dO)

Tipp: Das direkte Objekt ist das Objekt, das von der Handlung (also dem Prädikat) am stärksten beeinflusst wird. Falls du dich schon ein bisschen mit den Fällen auskennst: Das indirektes Objekt ist das Dativobjekt und das direkte Objekt ist entweder im Akkusativ oder ohne Fall.
Tip: The direct object is the object that is most affected by the action (i.e. the predicate). If you already know a bit about the cases: The indirect object is the dative object and the direct object is either in the accusative or without a case.

Mache dir darüber aber nicht zu viele Gedanken. Mit der Zeit lernst du intuitiv, was was ist. Wenn du jedesmal überlegst, dann brauchst du zu lange, um einen Satz zu bilden!
But don’t worry about it too much. Over time you learn intuitively which is which. If you keep thinking about it every time, then you spend too much time to form a sentence!