Past Tense with "to have"
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If you want to express something in the past, you can do this with the “I had” form. So we will be using a composite predicate of two parts.
Consequently, a sentence with a further module results:
Before: “I explain to you today online the German sentence structure” (S-P-iO-Z-O-dO)
After: “I have to you today online the German sentence structure explained.” (S-fP-iO-Z-O-dO-iP)
Our sentence is now is complemented by the “have” which we call finite predicate (fP). “Explained” is now called the infinite predicate (iP).
The finite predicate (fP) moves here to the place of the infinite predicate (iP) and the infinite predicate (iP) moves to the end of a sentence.
So: “Explain” is replaced by “have”. “Explain” is transformed to “explained” and moves to the end of a sentence.
Why finite and infinite?
“Have” is the finite predicate and thus must be adapted to the subject.
Thus, if the “I” is replaced by a “we”/“she”, we must make the following changes.
Example:
- “We have to you today online the German sentence structure explained.”
- “She has to you today online the German sentence structure explained.”
- The finite predicate is an auxiliary verb. It is adapted to the subject.
- The infinite predicate is not affected by a change of the subject.
The infinite predicate remains unchanged as part of a composite predicate, no matter what the subject in the sentence is.
Therefore, remember the following:
Wenn du etwas in der Vergangenheit ausdrücken möchtest, so kannst du dies mit „ich habe“ bilden. Wir nutzen also ein zusammengesetztes Prädikat aus zwei Teilen.
If you want to express something in the past, you can do this with the “I had” form. So we will be using a composite predicate of two parts.
Folglich ergibt sich ein Satz mit einem weiteren Baustein:
Consequently, a sentence with a further module results:
Vorher: „Ich erkläre dir heute online den deutschen Satzbau.“ (S-P-iO-Z-O-dO)
Before: “I explain to you today online the German sentence structure” (S-P-iO-Z-O-dO)
Nachher: „Ich habe dir heute online den deutschen Satzbau erklärt.“ (S-fP-iO-Z-O-dO-iP)
After: “I have to you today online the German sentence structure explained.” (S-fP-iO-Z-O-dO-iP)
Ergänzt wird unser Satz nun durch das „habe“, welches wir als finites Prädikat (fP) bezeichnen. „Erklärt“ nennt sich jetzt das infinite Prädikat (iP).
Our sentence is now is complemented by the “have” which we call finite predicate (fP). “Explained” is now called the infinite predicate (iP).
Das finite Prädikat (fP) rückt hierbei an die Stelle des infiniten Prädikats (iP) und das infinite Prädikat rutscht an das Satzende.
The finite predicate (fP) moves here to the place of the infinite predicate (iP) and the infinite predicate (iP) moves to the end of a sentence.
Also: „Erkläre“ wird durch „habe“ ersetzt. „Erkläre“ wird zu „erklärt“ und rückt an das Satzende.
So: “Explain” is replaced by “have”. “Explain” is transformed to “explained” and moves to the end of a sentence.
Wieso finit und infinit?
Why finite and infinite?
„Habe“ ist das finite Prädikat und muss somit an das Subjekt angepasst werden.
“Have” is the finite predicate and thus must be adapted to the subject.
Wenn also das „ich“ durch ein „wir“/„sie“ ersetzt wird, so müssen wir folgende Änderung vornehmen.
Thus, if the “I” is replaced by a “we”/“she”, we must make the following changes.
Beispiel:
Example:
- „Wir haben dir heute online den deutschen Satzbau erklärt.“
“We have to you today online the German sentence structure explained.” - „Sie hat dir heute online den deutschen Satzbau erklärt.“
“She has to you today online the German sentence structure explained.” - Das finite Prädikat ist ein Hilfsverb. Dieses wird dem Subjekt angepasst.
The finite predicate is an auxiliary verb. It is adapted to the subject. - Das infinite Prädikat bleibt von einer Veränderung des Subjekts unberührt.
The infinite predicate is not affected by a change of the subject.
Das infinite Prädikat bleibt beim zusammengesetzten Prädikat unverändert, egal welches Subjekt im Satz steht.
The infinite predicate remains unchanged as part of a composite predicate, no matter what the subject in the sentence is.
Merke dir also Folgendes:
Therefore, remember the following: